台灣「國民」住宅設計與現代住居空間再現The “National” Public Housing Design in Taiwan and the Representation of Modernity of Residential Space

台灣「國民住宅」性質雖屬國家所主導興建的住宅，但實質內涵與操作方式卻在不同的社會條件下而有「示範國宅」、「標準國宅」與「準則國宅」等差異。此三類型之國宅空間形式，空間專業者不僅導入不同的設計概念與價值，同時也呼應國家(治理階層)對於現代理想家居生活的期待與想像，從而營造出有別於傳統家屋之現代住宅空間形式，並彰顯了國宅空間作為現代住居空間典型之歷史轉變過程。本研究採用歷史研究方法，透過戰後1950年代至
1980年代之「國民住宅計畫」中各方論述、統計資料、研究報告、設計圖等官方資料，了解國家(官方)對於國民住宅所預設之現代理想家居意識形態，並嘗試建出當時代技術專業者對於國民住宅之社會想像。

關鍵詞：公共住宅設計、空間再現、現代性

Although “national housing” in Taiwan refers to housing constructed by the country, its actual content and operation are classified into “demonstrated housing”, “standardized housing” and “guidelines housing” based upon different social conditions. Regarding the space for these three types of national housing, space experts not only introduce different design concepts and values, but also respond to expectations and the imagination of the nation (governance) toward modern ideal domestic life. This creates modern housing space that is different from traditional houses, and demonstrates historic process of change of national housings as modern living space types in different period. This study adopts the historic research method. Through official data such as discourses, statistics, research reports and design diagrams for “national housing projects” from the 1950s to the 1980s following World War II, it probes into the ideal modern housing ideology of the nation (officials) through the national housing, and constructs the modern technical experts’ social imagination in relation to national housing.

Key words: national housing design, representation of space, modernity