老人居住安排滿意與否之改變Changes in Satisfaction with Living Arrangements among the Elderly

居住安排滿意關係老人幸福甚鉅，本文為檢視究竟何因素影響老人居住安排滿意與否之改變，使用縱斷面調查資料，應用人與環境一致和基本生活需求滿足之理論基礎，以動態的變數－相關變數前後期的改變－為自變項，檢視其影響。結果發現：以人與環境一致或基本生活需求滿足，解釋居住安排滿意與否之改變，都獲得部分支持，同時，「愛屋及烏」假說亦獲得支持。本文顯示居住安排滿意與否之改變，主要歸因於環境與個體間之一致及合適與否。實證發現對現住屋從不喜歡變為喜歡者、找醫生看病從不方便變為方便者，其居住安排從不滿意變為滿意的機率較大，從滿意變為不滿意的機率較小；從非僅與配偶同住轉為僅與配偶同住者、經濟狀況由差變佳者，其居住安排從不滿意變為滿意的機率較大；反之，經濟狀況由佳變差者，其居住安排從滿意變為不滿意的機率較大。此外，老人隨著年齡增長，越來越多人不滿意其居住安排，尤其年齡較高者，其居住安排從滿意變為不滿意的機率較大，所幸，改善居住環境可以增加從不滿意居住安排變為滿意的機率，信仰宗教可降低從滿意居住安排變為不滿意的機率。

關鍵詞：居住安排滿意、居住安排轉換、老人住宅、人與環境一致

Satisfaction with living arrangements is critical to the welfare of the elderly. This article uses a longitudinal data source, applies a theoretical basis of person-environment congruence and basic-needs content, and takes the dynamic variables, the changes in related variables between the baseline and follow-up, as independent variables to examine the determinants of changes in satisfaction with living arrangements among the elderly. The results indicate that both person-environment congruence and basic-needs content partially cause changes in satisfaction with living arrangements, and the “love me, love my dog” hypothesis is also fulfilled. This study suggests that changes in satisfaction with living arrangements are mainly attributed to the congruence or fit between the environment and the individual. The empirical results also show that those who like the current housing as opposed to disliking it, and find it convenient to see a doctor as opposed to finding it inconvenient, are more likely to be satisfied with living arrangements than dissatisfied, and less likely to be dissatisfied with living arrangements than satisfied. Satisfaction with living arrangements as opposed to dissatisfaction with them is more likely to occur when a senior transits to live only with a spouse or his or her financial situation improves. On the contrary, dissatisfaction with living arrangements as opposed to satisfaction with them is more likely to occur when a senior’s financial situation worsens. The proportion of dissatisfaction with living arrangements increases as age increases, and those more advanced in age are more likely to be dissatisfied with living arrangements as opposed to being satisfied with them. Fortunately, improving the living environment may increase the probability of satisfaction with living arrangements from dissatisfaction with them, and having a religious belief may reduce the probability of dissatisfaction with living arrangements as opposed to satisfaction with them.
Key words: satisfaction with living arrangements, living arrangements transitions, senior housing, person-environment congruence